Identifying Rocky Seabed Using GIS-Modeled Predictor Variables     

Trine Bekkby  Frithjof E. Moy  Tone Kroglund  Janne K. Gitmark  Mats Walday  Eli Rinde 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):379-390

Mapping the seabed along the Norwegian coast is costly and time consuming. Hence, finding a modeling method to separate rocky seabed from other substrate types will provide digital maps that may be used to develop cost-effective sampling designs to predict species and habitat distribution. Our approach was to use geophysical data that were quantitative and objectively defined, generalized additive models (GAMs), and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to develop statistical models and select among them. We found that slope, terrain curvature, wave exposure, and depth predicted rocky seabed occurrence with a high degree of certainty.  相似文献   

几种鱼礁模型对真鲷诱集效果的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田方  唐衍力  唐曼  张萍萍 《海洋科学》2012,36(11):85-89

观察了真鲷(Pagrosomus major)对4种不同结构模型礁的行为反应,并对不同结构模型礁的诱集效果进行了比较,进而选择诱集效果最好的1种模型礁,研究该模型礁在不同光强下诱集效果的差异.实验结果表明:未投放礁时,真鲷在水槽中的分布无选择性,呈随机分布;而投礁后各种模型礁均能对真鲷产生诱集效果,真鲷在鱼礁标志区的分布率从6%提高到17.89%~21.50%,其中以表面积大且无孔的 D型模型礁的诱集效果最好;双模型礁投放后对真鲷的聚集率均在20%以上,其中表面积大且有孔的2个模型礁聚集率最大;随光强增强,真鲷的聚集率不断下降,研究发现这可能与真鲷的领域行为有很大关系.  相似文献   

Effects of misclassification costs on mapping mineral prospectivity     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Mineral prospectivity mapping is a classification process because in a given study area, a specific region is classified as either a prospective or non-prospective area. The cost of false negative errors differs from the cost of false positive errors because false positive errors lead to wasting much more financial and material resources, whereas false negative errors result in the loss of mineral deposits. Traditional machine learning algorithms using for mapping mineral prospectivity are aimed to minimize classification errors and ignore the cost-sensitive effects. In this study, the effects of misclassification costs on mapping mineral prospectivity are explored. The cost-sensitive neural network (CSNN) for minimizing misclassification costs is applied to map Fe polymetallic prospectivity in China’s southwestern Fujian metalorganic belt (SFMB). A CSNN with a different cost ratio ranging from 1:10 to 10:1 was used to represent various misclassification costs. The cross-validation results indicated a lower misclassification cost compared to traditional neural networks through a threshold-moving based CSNN. The CSNN’s predictive results were compared to those of a traditional neural network, and the results demonstrate that the CSNN method is useful for mapping mineral prospectivity. The targets can be used to further explore undiscovered deposits in the study area.  相似文献   

A comprehensive study on the parameters setting in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method applied to hydrodynamics problems     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method which has advantages in handling solids with extremely large deformation. Like any other numerical methods, cares must be taken to ensure its desirable accuracy and stability through considering several correction techniques in calculation. The selection of values for parameters in those correction approaches is a key step in SPH simulation, which is always difficult for new beginners to deal well with effectively. This paper examines the common inconsistency and instability problems in SPH method and studies its computational efficiency when applied to hydrodynamics problems with material strength like soil column collapse. We analyzed in detail how the correction techniques mitigate these inconsistency and instability problems. Also, the numerical testing results associate with different values for the parameters used in the correction techniques are provided for better understanding the influence of these parameters and for finding out the desirable values. It is found that (1) the SPH method is easily subjected to an inconsistency problem in the boundary area due to the boundary deficiency, and it can be treated well by adopting “virtual particles” contributing to the particle summations. (2) The numerical oscillation in SPH simulation can be mitigated effectively by artificial viscosity with the suggested parameter values. (3) The tension cracking treatment, artificial viscosity and artificial stress work well in removing the tensile instability problem in SPH method. In addition, the nearest neighboring particle searching (NNPS) algorithm, spacing ratio, smoothing length and time step influence the efficiency and accuracy of SPH method significantly. It is shown that SPH method with suggested parameters values can produce a very good result compared with the experimental result.  相似文献   

冻融循环条件下生境基材中三种功能微生物数量变化规律研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张琳瑶  刘大翔  许文年  童标 《冰川冻土》2017,39(5):1122-1129

为揭示高寒地区典型生境基材中功能微生物数量变化的规律,以黄棕壤土为试验土样,在两种初始含水率条件下,分别制备客土、植被混凝土以及加菌植被混凝土三种不同类型的生境基材进行冻融循环模拟试验,探讨生境基材类型、初始含水率和冻融循环次数对基材中功能微生物数量的影响。试验结果显示：三种基材中功能微生物数量均受冻融循环影响显著,且随冻融循环次数增加总体呈"下降~上升~下降"趋势;冻融循环过程中,三种基材中功能微生物总量存在显著性差异,排序为：加菌植被混凝土 > 植被混凝土 > 客土,且固氮、解钾微生物数量显著低于解磷微生物;含水率为22%的基材中功能微生物总量普遍高于含水率为18%的基材。研究结果表明,加菌植被混凝土的肥力、抗冻性相比客土和植被混凝土有一定程度提升,但仍需对现有功能菌剂配方加以改进,以适应高寒地区冻融环境。  相似文献   

基于神经网络的时间域直升机电磁数据电导率深度成像   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱凯光  林君  韩悦慧  李楠 《地球物理学报》2010,53(3):743-750

采用G-S变换以及高斯数值积分法,形成了时间域直升机的航空电磁响应正演样本集,分析了飞机测量过程中吊舱高度变化对电磁响应的影响,并将吊舱高度的变化等效成电导率为零的假层厚度的变化,以去除高度计等的影响.以假层半空间模型为基础,研究了基于人工神经网络的电导率深度成像算法,通过分析两个三层模型的电导率深度成像结果得出,神经网络方法计算时间域航空电磁探测的视电导率精度较高,特别是对高阻层的视电导率计算.  相似文献   

Fatty acid profiles of benthic environment associated with artificial reefs in subtropical Hong Kong     

Siu Gin Cheung  Paul K.S. Shin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):303-308

Artificial reefs can enhance habitat heterogeneity, especially in seabed degraded by bottom-dredging and trawling. However, the trophodynamics of such reef systems are not well understood. This study provided baseline data on trophic relationships in the benthic environment associated with artificial reefs in late spring and mid summer of subtropical Hong Kong, using fatty acid profiles as an indicator. Data from sediments collected at the reef base, materials from sediment traps deployed on top and bottom of the reefs, total particulate matter from the water column and oyster tissues from reef surface were subjected to principal component analysis. Results showed variations of fatty acid profiles in the total particulate matter, upper sediment trap and oyster tissue samples collected in the two samplings, indicating seasonal, trophodynamic changes within the reef system. The wastes produced by fish aggregating at the reefs can also contribute a source of biodeposits to the nearby benthic environment.  相似文献   

某异型钢管混凝土拱桥地震反应分析     

李勇  闫维明  陈彦江 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(3):346-351

本文以某异型钢管混凝土拱桥为研究对象,通过ANSYS建立了结构的空间有限元模型,计算和分析了该桥的动力特性。同时,通过MATLAB程序生成拟合规范反应谱的人工地震波,并运用时程分析法计算了该桥在一维和多维输入下的地震反应,分析了该桥的地震反应规律,为钢管混凝土拱桥的抗震性能分析提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

Positional uncertainty in manually digitized map data     

PAUL V. BOLSTAD  PAUL GESSLER  THOMAS M. LILLESAND 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):399-412

Digital map coordinates represent the locations of real world entities. As such, differences can exist between the ‘tru’ and digital database coordinates of those entities. This paper reports on a statistical characterization of positional error in manually-digitized and map-registered point data, the relative contribution of point type and operator to digitization error, and the effects of map media type on the positional uncertainty associated with registration.

Manually-digitized point data were collected by four operators from mylar and paper maps. Point locations for a number of different feature types were sampled from United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24 000 scale maps. Linear models were used to estimate the variance components due to among-operator, map media, point type and registration effects. The statistical distribution of signed distance deviations for manually-digitized data was leptokurtic relative to a random normal variate. Unsigned deviations averaged 0-054 mm. Squared distance deviations were not different from a Chi-square random variate. Variance components indicate that among-operator differences in positional uncertainty were large and statistically significant, while differences among point type were small and non-significant. Signed distance deviations associated with a first-order afhne followed a normal distribution. Unsigned distance deviations associated with a first-order affinc transformation averaged 0068mm, and squared distance deviations were distributed as a Chi-square. Differences in transformation accuracy were not related to type of map media.  相似文献   

Representing geographical objects with scale‐induced indeterminate boundaries: A neural network‐based data model     

J. L. Silván‐Cárdenas  L. Wang  F. B. Zhan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):295-318

The degree of uncertainty of many geographical objects has long been known to be in intimate relation with the scale of its observation and representation. Yet, the explicit consideration of scaling operations when modeling uncertainty is rarely found. In this study, a neural network‐based data model was investigated for representing geographical objects with scale‐induced indeterminate boundaries. Two types of neural units, combined with two types of activation function, comprise the processing core of the model, where the activation function can model either hard or soft transition zones. The construction of complex fuzzy regions, as well as lines and points, is discussed and illustrated with examples. It is shown how the level of detail that is apparent in the boundary at a given scale can be controlled through the degree of smoothness of each activation function. Several issues about the practical implementation of the model are discussed and indications on how to perform complex overlay operations of fuzzy maps provided. The model was illustrated through an example of representing multi‐resolution, sub‐pixel maps that are typically derived from remote sensing techniques.  相似文献